What is smoke composed of?

Smoke is a complex mixture primarily composed of solid particles, liquid vapors, and gases. When materials combust, they do not simply produce a single substance; instead, they generate a variety of byproducts. The solid particles in smoke come from unburned fuel or incomplete combustion, while the liquid vapors result from the vaporization of certain compounds during the burning process. In addition to these, various gases are released, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, and other chemicals, depending on the nature of the burning material.

This combination of components makes smoke a hazardous substance, as each of these elements can pose serious health risks when inhaled or when exposed to skin. Understanding the composition of smoke is crucial for firefighters and first responders, as it directly impacts tactics for fire suppression and the protection of occupants in smoke-filled environments. Knowledge of what smoke consists of also informs the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and respiratory protection to mitigate the dangers associated with smoke inhalation.