How is a dead load defined?

A dead load is defined as the weight of any permanent part of a building. This includes structural components like beams, walls, floors, and roofs, as well as fixed installations such as plumbing and electrical fixtures. Understanding dead loads is crucial in fire safety and structural engineering because they determine how structures are designed to support weight over time under normal conditions.

In contrast, the other options represent different types of loads. Temporary installations contribute to live loads, which change over time, such as furniture or equipment that can be moved. A moving load refers to any load that is not stationary and can vary, such as vehicles in a parking structure. The weight of people in the building also falls under live loads as it can fluctuate depending on occupancy levels. Knowing the distinctions between dead loads and other load types helps ensure that buildings are safe and can withstand various forces during their use and in emergency situations, including firefighting operations.